Meanings and Expressions of Caring Among Nurses in Clinical Workplace: a Literature Review

Background: Research shows that nurse retention is high as a result of a stressful work environment coupled with inadequate support in clinical workplace. Caring among nurses is therefore crucial in enhanced and enriched the working environment that helps increase nurse's satisfaction and retention in the profession.Purpose: To explore the meanings and expressions of caring among nurses in clinical workplace.Methods: Literature review of existing articles on electronic databases was conducted. The meanings and expressions of caring among nurses were identified. The year of publication ranged from 2000-2012.Result: Based on inclusion criteria, 10 articles reviewed were included. There was very limited result describing meanings of caring among nurses. However, caring expressions had been identified and categorized into personal and professional levels. There were some common themes such as caring through helping and support, caring through appreciating, and acknowledging unappreciated caring.Conclusion: Caring among nurses is very important to keep nurses emerged and able to work more effectively. However, caring varies within cultures and there are still limited studies among nurses in nonwestern society. Therefore, further research is needed to describe meanings and expressions of caring in clinical workplace that is beneficial in enhancing caring environment, increasing nurse's satisfaction and nurse retention

Emergency Training, Education and Perceived Clinical Skills for Tsunami Care Among Nurses in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Background: Nurses are a part of health care provider who has responsibility to respond to disaster. The nurses ought to have sufficient knowledge and skills in caring for patients in disasters such as in a tsunami. Clinical skills of nurses effectively help the nurses in handling the tsunami emergency response.Objectives: To describe the levels of perceived clinical skills for tsunami care in acute response phase (6 months) after tsunami struck, and to examine the relationship between emergency training, education, and perceived clinical skills for tsunami care in Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Methods: This was a correlational study. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit 97 nurses in a hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Data were collected using questionnaires developed by the researchers and colleagues. The questionnaires consisted of two main parts: The Demographic Data Questionnaire (DDQ) and The Tsunami Care Questionnaire (TCQ).Results: Overall, perceived clinical skills for tsunami care were at a moderate level with the total mean score of 3.52 (SD = 0.86). Pearson product moment correlation coefficients indicated significant relationships between perceived clinical skills for tsunami care and attending emergency training and education (r = .23, p< .05).Conclusion: The nurses in the hospital should maintain and improve their knowledge and skills by regularly attending emergency training and education in order to respond to disaster more effectively

Photo-voice as a Qualitative Research Method in Nursing and Health Sciences: a Literature Review

The interest on research methods using photograph and photo-interview has emerged in the last decade. However, some aspects of this method were less explained for further application. This review revealed the state of knowledge of photo-voice in qualitative nursing and health researches in order to provide an updated description on this method. Photo-voice is one of visual research methods to elicit information through participant-produced photographs and photo interview. The objective of this review was to explore the current applications of photo-voice regarding to the terms used, the framework underpinning the researches, the research designs, the concepts explored, the advantages and disadvantages identified and the guideline provided for future use. Based on the literature reviewed, photo-voice has proved its applicability to address sensitive issues and to provide richer data and deeper analysis. This research method could improve the comprehensiveness of the data produced and increase the participation of groups being investigated.The rich visual and narrative data collected by this method are considered appropriate to be applied in exploring the marginalized groups in a way that empower them. This method also opens the chance to involve other disciplines in a research team. Some issues to consider in applying this method are time-consuming and technical limitatiosn, as well as the challenges in maintaining the level of participation. However, the advantages of the method were more prominent, especially in balancing the power in research and empowering the participants. This method was recommended to use in researches conducted in oppressed or marginalized groups for the purpose of empowerment and producing indigenous knowledge of the group